People2Capital.com: Poised to Issue P2P Student Loans This Fall

I had the opportunity to hold an email interview with Alan Samuels, Chief Product Officer at People Capital this past week regarding their new P2P student loan platform.

People Capital will be launching this fall—first to institutional accredited investors under a private placement memorandum, and later they’ll be filling a S-1 to open their platform to all prospective peer to peer lenders.

People Capital will be providing legally-compliant “private student loans” which are not bankrupt-able, unlike other P2P loans. Mr. Samuels cites a potential $113 Billion gap in federal college funding limits and the actual costs of college attendance in the USA as a growing market for these private student loans. Also, many lenders are shying away from investing in student loans due to college students' lack of established credit history and the difficulty of measuring risk without a credit score.

Samuels explained to me how People Capital can navigate this marketplace better than any of the competition due to their patent-pending “Human Capital Score” which is a proprietary underwriting tool. The Human Capital Score will include the students’ field of study, test scores, and GPA to determine the student’s creditworthiness.

Loans will be available on a long term or short term basis, and a requirement of being a legally-compliant private student loan, enrollment verification is mandated. Like other P2P loans funding isn’t guaranteed, and depends on how attractive the borrower’s request is to prospective lenders, and how large the pool of lenders is.

People Capital is in Series B funding, and has just received an additional $500,000 from The Serious Change Fund, helmed by investor Josh Mailman. (Source: WealthReview News)

Jessica Ward is a freelance writer in the Seattle area and writes on family and finances. You can follow her on Twitter as @Jessc098

Pertuity Direct clarifies underwriting philosophy; discloses loss assumptions

Peer to Peer lenders have a little more information readily available now from P2P Mutual Fund Pertuity Direct. This month, Pertuity Direct has updated it's online credit policy and disclosed loss assumptions.

As you may know, mutual funds are prohibited from projecting potential returns. A savvy investor now has a little more information available from Pertuity's updated credit policy. PD has added loss assumptions by FICO band, which makes an interesting read for people who like to crunch numbers. Default predictions range from 2.7% to 6% based on credit grade. PD has maintained the requirement for a minimum FICO score of 660 and no more than 40% debt-to-income ratio.

Here is the complete, newly published underwriting philosophy:

Our Underwriting Philosophy

At Pertuity Direct, we evaluate an applicant's eligibility for a loan and determine the interest rate of that loan based on the following criteria:

• we do not overextend a borrower with new debt
• approved borrowers are offered low market interest rates
• lenders in the community preserve their investment capital and earn a competitive return

These goals can be met by ensuring that each borrower's financial situation is reviewed with regards to their willingness and capacity to pay and an appropriate decision rendered.

In recent times, some financial institutions have suffered because their credit policies began to ignore key components to underwriting a healthy loan portfolio. Pertuity Direct does not solely rely on a credit score or whether the loan is secured against home equity. What we do is use a mix of human review, statistical decision making, and verifications to make sure that we deliver the right product to the customer. In some cases, that may mean that we are not able to approve a borrower due to the fact that we do not charge usurious interest rates to compensate for high risk, nor will we lend to a borrower who we feel we may endanger with over-indebtedness.

An additional strategy to ensure the health of the portfolio involves making conservative assumptions regarding the default risk of the underlying assets. Both eligibility decisions and interest rate assignment are driven from the estimated risk of new bookings, and Pertuity Direct has taken a conservative approach. For example, for the prime and super-prime segment that we are targeting (average approved borrower FICO to date is about 740), our pricing policy has built in the following expectations for default risk (based on a $12,000 loan):

• 660 – 700: 6.0%*
• 701 – 750: 3.8%*
• 751 – 850: 2.7%*

*default risk is annualized in the form of balances defaulted over balances outstanding

We believe that transparency is important so our borrowers can understand what affects loan eligibility and investors can understand how we generate the assets in the loan portfolio. To that end, below are some of the criteria used in our underwriting. We welcome any feedback from borrowers or investors which can be sent to underwriting@pertuitydirect.com.

Underwriting Criteria

• A debt-to-income ratio generally below 40%
• We often require proof of income in the form of documents, especially for larger loan sizes
• A minimum credit score (FICO) as reported by the Experian credit bureau of 660 or higher
• No bankruptcies within the past ten years and no more than one public record in the past ten years
• An established credit history at least two years long with five total accounts
• No current delinquencies on any trades

In addition to these criteria, Pertuity Direct also looks at factors such as number of recent inquiries, loan size in relation to income, amount of recent debt opened, number and type of mortgages held, and credit card balances as a ratio to available card lines.

Jessica Ward is a freelance writer based in Seattle. She also blogs at www.pennywisefamily.blogspot.com.

Credit Scores on Prosper - Part 1 of 2

Credit scores are the most important indicator in determining what rate you will pay when you borrow money. The worse your credit score is, the more you will have to pay in interest on your loan. Your credit score is made up of a number of components including the length of your credit history, the amount of debt that you carry, recent credit inquiries by lending institutions, and the number of late payments or defaults that you have on current or prior debt. Sometimes this score is called a FICO score because it is generated with software from Fair Isaac and Company.

There are three credit reporting agencies that produce credit scores: Equifax, Experian, and TransUnion. Each of these collect information about borrowers independently and the accuracy and quantity of information on a borrower can vary among the credit agencies. Because of differences in the data collected, the score for a given borrower can also vary among these credit agencies. Some lending institutions partner with one of these credit agencies and use them as an exclusive provider of credit scores and content, while others obtain data from all of the credit agencies when making a loan decision. Prosper exclusively uses Experian while Lending Club exclusively uses TransUnion for their credit data.

According to MyFico.com the distribution of credit scores for the general population is heavily weighted to the higher end of the spectrum with most scores falling above 700.



Prosper uses credit grades rather than displaying the raw credit scores. The following is a chart that explains that correlation.

Grade	AA	A	B	C	D	E	HR
Score	760 and up	720-759	680-719	640-679	600-639	560-599	520-559

I must say that when I came across this data I was quite surprised by this distribution. Matching the two sets of data together, we realize that E and HR borrowers combined represent only about 11% or 12% of the population (people below 520 cannot currently borrow on Prosper). Nearly half of the population falls into the AA or A credit groups.

Okay, ready for some shocking statistics? Here is the current breakdown of active loan listings on Prosper as of the writing of this listing:

Grade	AA	A	B	C	D	E	HR
Number of Listings	54	56	113	230	382	500	1308

Roughly half (49.4%) of the current loan listings are for HR borrowers, with only 2% for AA borrowers, and 2% for A borrowers. This is shocking when you consider that combined A and AA borrowers make up half of the general population while HR borrowers account for less than 10% of the general population.

One effect this has is that when lenders see an A or AA listing they think they are lending to the cream of the crop - the top 4% of borrowers. While, when lending to Bs or Cs they may be thinking, "This isn't too bad, I am still in the top 15% of loans". In terms of the number of Prosper loan listings they would be correct. However, in terms of the general population, lending to AA and A borrowers just puts you in the top half of borrowers, while Cs could put you in the bottom 25%.

This also clearly demonstrates that many borrowers are using Prosper as a lender of last resort. People who are unable to obtain credit elsewhere because of their low credit scores are flocking to Prosper in an attempt to obtain financing on their loan. Anyone with a score below 620 is considered subprime, which is the middle of the D credit grades on Prosper. With scores below that, many of the Es and most of the HRs would find it difficult to obtain a loan at any rate from traditional financial institutions.

The distribution of loan requests on Prosper suggests that Prosper is having difficulty attracting mainstream borrowers in the higher credit grades. This makes it difficult for lenders that want to lend large sums of money to borrowers in the top credit grades. These lenders are forced to spread the money out over a long time period, or aggressively bid down the rates on the small number of loan requests in the high credit grades. (See my previous article for why someone with good credit would want to borrow from Prosper.)

This is part 1 of a 2 part article about credit grades. Watch for an upcoming post in which I will describe how you can obtain a free credit report, dispute inaccuracies on your report, and monitor your credit. In part 2 I will also discuss how much it can cost you to have a poor credit score.

Edit/Clarification: In this post I compared FICO scores in the top graph to Experian's ScoreX scores used by Prosper. FICO scores run from 300-850 while ScoreX are from 330-830. There is really no one in the 830-850 range anyway, so trimming that doesn't really have an effect (same onthe bottom end of the scale). Although Experian's ScoreX scores are mathmatically scaled to match FICO scores they are produced by a different algorithm and could result in slightly different data. The overall analysis in this post should hold but the percentages may vary. Here's a short explaination from Wikipedia on the difference betwen FICO scores and Experian's ScoreX score:

For easy use, most scores are mathematically scaled so that they fall in the general range used by prominent scoring model competitors. Since the Fair Isaac Corp. provides the dominant scoring method, non-Fair Isaac method-generated scores often mimic FICO scores, (they often are derisively called "FAKO" scores).[1] Although not as widely used, these scores (e.g. TransUnion's "TransRisk", Experian's "ScoreX", and "PLUS" scores), are less expensive for borrowers to buy than is the FICO score. The business cost savings of buying and using non-FICO scores is financially tempting to some banks and credit card companies to use, as they need accurate risk assessment of millions of accounts.

Update: Part 2 of this article, which covers free credit reports, claim disputes and the importance of good credit is here.